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Radiative Forcing

Trading Term

Radiative forcing is the change in the Earth’s energy balance caused by a perturbation such as added greenhouse gases, measured in watts per square meter at the top of the atmosphere. A positive forcing means more energy entering the system than leaving it, which accumulates as warming until the system reaches a new balance. The numbers appended to emissions scenario names refer to this quantity, so SSP2-4.5 describes a pathway reaching roughly 4.5 watts per square meter of forcing by 2100, and the eventual warming from a given forcing depends on climate sensitivity.

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