{"id":50153,"date":"2020-06-25T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-06-25T14:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibkrcampus.com\/?p=50153"},"modified":"2022-11-21T09:45:46","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T14:45:46","slug":"python-function-tutorial-part-x","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.interactivebrokers.com\/campus\/ibkr-quant-news\/python-function-tutorial-part-x\/","title":{"rendered":"Python Function Tutorial \u2013 Part X"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

See the previous installment in this series, Nested Python functions<\/a><\/em>, to get up-to-date in this tutorial.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Variable Namespace and Scope<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If we read the The Zen of Python<\/em> (try import this<\/code> in Python console), the last line states Namespaces are one honking great idea — let’s do more of those!<\/strong> Let’s try to understand what these mysterious namespaces are. However, before that, it will be worth spending some time understanding names<\/em> in the context of Python.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Names in the Python world<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A name<\/em> (also known as an identifier) is simply a name given to an object. From Python basics, we know that everything in Python are objects. And a name is a way to access the underlying object. Let us create a new variable with a name price<\/code> having a value 144, and check the memory location identifier<\/em> accessible by the Python function id<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n# Creating new variable
\nprice = 144

\n# Case 1: Print memory id of the variable price
\nprint(id(price))

\n# Case 1: Output
\n1948155424

\n# Case 2: Print memory id of the absolute value 144
\nprint(id(144))

\n# Case 2: Output
\n1948155424\n<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interestingly we see that the memory location of both cases (the variable and its assigned value) is the same. In other words, both refer to the same integer object. If you would execute the above code on your workstation, memory location would almost certainly be different, but it would be the same for both the variable and value. Let’s add more fun to it. Consider the following code:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n# Assign price to old_price
\nold_price = price
\n# Assign new value to price
\nprice = price + 1
\n# Print price
\nprint(price)
\n# Output
\n145
\n# Print memory location of price and 145
\nprint(‘Memory location of price:’, id(price))
\nprint(‘Memory location of 145:’, id(145))
\n# Output
\nMemory location of price: 1948155456
\nMemory location of 145: 1948155456
\n# Print memory location of old_price and 144
\nprint(‘Memory location of old_price:’, id(old_price))
\nprint(‘Memory location of 144:’, id(144))
\n# Output
\nMemory location of old_price: 1948155424
\nMemory location of 144: 1948155424\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We increased the value of a variable price<\/code> by 1 unit and see that the memory location of it got changed. As you may have guessed, the memory location of an integer object 145<\/code> would also be the same as that of price<\/code>. However, if we check the memory location of a variable old_price<\/code>, it would point to the memory location of integer object 144<\/code>. This is efficient as Python does not need to create duplicate objects. This also makes Python powerful in a sense that a name could refer to any object, even functions. Note that python functions are also objects in Python. Now that we are aware of the nitty-gritty of names in Python, we are ready to examine namespaces closely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the next installment, the author will discuss Namespace<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Visit https:\/\/www.quantinsti.com\/<\/a> for ready-to-use Python functions as applied in trading and data analysis.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Join QuantInsti for an overview of Variable Namespace and Scope in Python. Learn how to check the memory location identifier.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":328,"featured_media":50156,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[343,349,338,350,341,344],"tags":[851,5615,806,5614,852,7882,7712,7883],"contributors-categories":[13654],"class_list":{"0":"post-50153","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-programing-languages","8":"category-python-development","9":"category-ibkr-quant-news","10":"category-quant-asia-pacific","11":"category-quant-development","12":"category-quant-regions","13":"tag-algo-trading","14":"tag-argument","15":"tag-data-science","16":"tag-lambda","17":"tag-machine-learning","18":"tag-nested","19":"tag-python-dictionary","20":"tag-python-functions","21":"contributors-categories-quantinsti"},"pp_statuses_selecting_workflow":false,"pp_workflow_action":"current","pp_status_selection":"publish","acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPython Function Tutorial \u2013 Part X | IBKR Quant<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Join QuantInsti for an overview of Variable Namespace and Scope in Python. 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