{"id":47284,"date":"2020-06-02T01:30:34","date_gmt":"2020-06-02T05:30:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibkrcampus.com\/?p=47284"},"modified":"2022-11-21T09:45:37","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T14:45:37","slug":"all-about-python-dictionaries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.interactivebrokers.com\/campus\/ibkr-quant-news\/all-about-python-dictionaries\/","title":{"rendered":"All About Python Dictionaries"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

What are Python dictionaries?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A dictionary<\/strong> is one of Python\u2019s primary data structures. In essence, a dictionary<\/strong> (also shortened as dict<\/strong>) is a collection of key-value pairs, similar to an actual dictionary (like the one pictured above). When you look up a word in a dictionary, you find a corresponding definition. Similarly, in a Python dictionary<\/strong>, each key<\/em> has a corresponding value<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In dictionaries<\/strong>, one key can have only one value. However, the value can be anything from a single number or character, to lists, tuples, other dictionaries, or even functions!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Creating a Dictionary<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dictionaries can be created several ways. The most straightforward way is below using curly braces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n# method 1)
\nmapper = {“a”: 1, “b”: 2, “c”:3}\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this example, we create a dictionary with three elements \u2013 that is, three key-value pairs. The keys are \u201ca\u201d, \u201cb\u201d, and \u201cc\u201d, while the corresponding values are 1, 2, and 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Getting the keys and values of a dictionary<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

We can get the keys of our dictionary using the keys<\/em> method.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nmapper.keys()\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Similarly, we can get the values of a dictionary using the values<\/em> method.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nmapper.values()\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adding new key-value pairs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

We can add new key-value pairs to a dictionary using bracket notation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nmapper[“d”] = 4

\n \nmapper[“e”] = 5\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Likewise, if we want to refine a key-value pair, we also use bracket notation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nmapper[“a”] = 10\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Removing key-value pairs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key-value pairs can be removed in a couple of different ways. The first is using the pop<\/em> method.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nmapper.pop(“e”)\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Using the pop<\/em> method both removes the key-value pair and returns the value corresponding to the key input into the method. Alternatively, we can remove a key-value pair using Python\u2019s del<\/em> method. This way does not<\/em> return any value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ndel mapper[“d”]\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

How to combine two Python dictionaries<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dictionaries can be combined using the update<\/em> method. For example, we currently have:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

mapper = {\u201ca\u201d, \u201cb\u201d, \u201cc\u201d}<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Now let\u2019s create another dictionary called extra:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nextra = {“this”: “is”, “another”:”dictionary”}\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Next, let\u2019s combine mapper<\/em> and extra<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nmapper.update(extra)\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Running the update<\/em> method here will update mapper<\/em> to also have the key-value pairs in extra<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The items method<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

We can convert a dictionary into a list of tuples using the items<\/em> method. Here, each tuple will be a key-value pair. The first line below will create a dict_items<\/em> object, which is iterable, so we can loop over the key-value pairs in this object. However, this object is not indexable \u2013 i.e. trying to run mapper.items()[0] will result in an error. However, if we wanted to reference key-value pairs by index, we can convert this to a list. In practice, we usually would not need to do this conversion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n# get key-value tuples in dictionary
\nmapper.items()

\n \n# convert to list
\nlist(mapper.items())\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The items<\/em> method is especially useful when iterating over a dictionary, or when creating a dictionary comprehension, which we\u2019ll discuss next.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suppose we have dictionary of filenames \u2013 each key is a filename, and each value is a new name that we want to give for the key. Here, we can loop over the items (key-value pairs) in the dictionary and change each file name.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nimport os

\n \nfiles = {“file1.txt”: “new_file.txt”, “file2.txt”, “new_file2.txt”, “file3.txt”, “new_file3.txt”}

\n \nfor key,val in files.items():
\n os.rename(key, val)\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Visit TheAutomatic.net to download ready-to-use code, and read the rest of the article: https:\/\/theautomatic.net\/2020\/04\/15\/all-about-python-dictionaries\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Andrew Treadway demonstrates how to create a dictionary in Python, add new key-value pairs, and combine dictionaries using the update method.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":388,"featured_media":47341,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[343,349,338,341,352,344],"tags":[806,595,7712,7713,7714],"contributors-categories":[13695],"class_list":{"0":"post-47284","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-programing-languages","8":"category-python-development","9":"category-ibkr-quant-news","10":"category-quant-development","11":"category-quant-north-america","12":"category-quant-regions","13":"tag-data-science","14":"tag-python","15":"tag-python-dictionary","16":"tag-python-pop-method","17":"tag-python-tuples","18":"contributors-categories-theautomatic-net"},"pp_statuses_selecting_workflow":false,"pp_workflow_action":"current","pp_status_selection":"publish","acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAll About Python Dictionaries | IBKR 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