{"id":45538,"date":"2020-05-18T12:00:04","date_gmt":"2020-05-18T16:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibkrcampus.com\/?p=45538"},"modified":"2023-04-05T12:06:12","modified_gmt":"2023-04-05T16:06:12","slug":"calculus-in-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.interactivebrokers.com\/campus\/ibkr-quant-news\/calculus-in-r\/","title":{"rendered":"Calculus in R"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>The article Calculus in R first appeared on DataScience+<\/em>: https:\/\/datascienceplus.com\/calculus-in-r\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Calculus is a branch of mathematics that involves the study of rates of change. Before calculus was invented, all math was static: It could only help calculate objects that were perfectly still. But the universe is constantly moving and changing. No objects\u2014from the stars in space to subatomic particles or cells in the body\u2014are always at rest. Indeed, just about everything in the universe is constantly moving. Calculus helped to determine how particles, stars, and matter actually move and change in real time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Calculus is used in a multitude of fields that you wouldn\u2019t ordinarily think would make use of its concepts. Among them are physics, engineering, economics, statistics, and medicine. Calculus is also used in such disparate areas as space travel, as well as determining how medications interact with the body, and even how to build safer structures. You\u2019ll understand why calculus is useful in so many areas if you know a bit about its history as well as what it is designed to do and measure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Math is one of the key building blocks of data science. If you want to understand what\u2019s going on under the hood in your machine learning work as a data scientist, you\u2019ll need to have a solid grasp of the fundamentals of calculus. While you cannot do a lot of data science with just calculus, the topic is essential for more advanced topics in data science such as machine learning, algorithms, and advanced statistics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s get started using calculus with R:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Functions in R<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let us first try to do a function and<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"background-color:#fcfcdb;font-size:11px\" class=\"has-background\">\nlibrary(mosaic)<br>\nf <- makeFun(m * x + b ~ x, m = 3.5, b = 10)<br>\nf(x = 2)<br>\n[1] 17\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"background-color:#fcfcdb;font-size:11px\" class=\"has-background\">\ng <- makeFun(A * x * cos(pi * x * y) ~ x + y, A = 3)<br>\ng<br>\nfunction (x, y, A = 3)<br>\nA * x * cos(pi * x * y)<br>\ng(x = 1, y = 2)<br>\n[1] 3\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let us try plotting the calculus function<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"background-color:#fcfcdb;font-size:11px\" class=\"has-background\">\nplotFun(A * exp(k * t) * sin(2 * pi * t\/P) ~ t + k, t.lim = range(0, 10), k.lim = range(-0.3,0), A = 10, P = 4)\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/05\/KL-R-1.png\" alt=\"Calculus in R\" class=\"wp-image-45553 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Let us try do do another function in R:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"background-color:#fcfcdb;font-size:11px\" class=\"has-background\">\nlibrary(manipulate)<br>\nplotFun(A * exp(k * t) * sin(2 * pi * t\/P) ~ t + k, t.lim = range(0, 10),k.lim = range(-0.3,0), A = 10, P = 4, surface = TRUE)\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/05\/KL-R-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45556 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Let us try do do a third function in R:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"background-color:#fcfcdb;font-size:11px\" class=\"has-background\">\nplotFun(dt(t, df) ~ t + df, t.lim = range(-3,3), df.lim = range(1,10))\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/05\/KL-R-3.png\" alt=\"Calculus in R\n\" class=\"wp-image-45561 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Visit to read the full article and download additional R code:<br>https:\/\/datascienceplus.com\/calculus-in-r\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kristian Larsen codes calculus functions in R using the manipulate and mosaic packages, and creates beautiful visualizations. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":163,"featured_media":23888,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[339,343,338,341,351,344,342],"tags":[6501,806,7560,7609,7610,487,508],"contributors-categories":[13666],"class_list":{"0":"post-45538","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-data-science","8":"category-programing-languages","9":"category-ibkr-quant-news","10":"category-quant-development","11":"category-quant-europe","12":"category-quant-regions","13":"category-r-development","14":"tag-calculus","15":"tag-data-science","16":"tag-data-visualization","17":"tag-manipulate-package","18":"tag-mosaic-package","19":"tag-r","20":"tag-rstudio","21":"contributors-categories-datascience"},"pp_statuses_selecting_workflow":false,"pp_workflow_action":"current","pp_status_selection":"publish","acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.9 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - 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