{"id":195362,"date":"2023-08-25T10:45:00","date_gmt":"2023-08-25T14:45:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibkrcampus.com\/?p=195362"},"modified":"2023-08-25T11:19:51","modified_gmt":"2023-08-25T15:19:51","slug":"vix-options-volume-on-pace-to-exceed-2017-record","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.interactivebrokers.com\/campus\/traders-insight\/securities\/options\/vix-options-volume-on-pace-to-exceed-2017-record\/","title":{"rendered":"VIX Options Volume on Pace to Exceed 2017 Record"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

What\u2019s Driving the Resurgence in VIX Options Trading?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

VIX\u00ae volatility index option volumes are averaging over 740k contracts a day so far this year, which if sustained, would make 2023 a record volume year. This is an impressive increase of 40% compared to recent years where volumes have hovered around the 500k ADV mark (see Exhibit 1). What\u2019s behind this surge in VIX options activity?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Looking at put vs. call volumes, it\u2019s clear the increase is primarily coming from the call side. Call option volumes are up 54% (vs. 16% for puts), nearing the all-time high in ADV that we saw in 2017 (see Exhibit 2). Focusing specifically on customer activity and breaking it down by strategy, we see two areas that have seen the most pronounced growth: 1) calls and call spreads (+54% vs. 2022), suggesting an increase in demand for tail hedges and 2) combos (+237% vs. 2022) which is indicative of relative value volatility accounts getting more active as they typically trade VIX options delta-neutral (using combos to hedge their delta).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Below, we delve into each of these in detail. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

VIX Option Volumes Up 40% vs. 2022<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"VIX<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Source: Cboe<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

VIX Call Volumes Nearing 2017 Record High<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"VIX<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Source: Cboe<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Using VIX\u00ae Options to Hedge Tail Risk<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Following on the heels of 2022 \u2013 a year that was characterized by investors de-risking by moving to cash and thus foregoing any need to hedge with options \u2013 we\u2019ve seen a steady re-steepening in VIX option skew which, coupled with the increase in call and call spread volume indicate a resurgence in using VIX options to hedge. For example, VIX 2M skew (25-delta call\/put ratio) has increased to near a 5-year high (see Exhibit 3) on the back of demand for VIX upside calls. This contrasts with SPX skew which, while off the all-time lows we saw last year, still trades meaningfully below its long-term average (currently in the 36th<\/sup> percentile low over 5 years; see Exhibit 4).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Demand for VIX Hedges Jumps to Five-Year High…<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"Demand<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Source: Cboe<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

…While SPX Skew Remains Below Average<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"...While<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Source: Cboe<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

What explains this divergence? Keep in mind that while SPX options are more commonly used for portfolio hedges to protect against your run-of-the-mill drawdowns (e.g. SPX -5% to -20%), VIX options are typically used for tail hedges to protect against true black swan events (e.g. covid in Feb\/Mar 2020, Feb\u201918 \u201cVolmageddon\u201d, etc). The appeal of VIX options lies in the convexity of the underlying \u2013 the potential for volatility to triple or quadruple in a short period of time. That is much harder to do when the VIX Index was measuring in the mid-20s last year vs. the mid-teens this year. This is why VIX option volumes were so elevated in 2017 (when the VIX Index fell to a record low of 9) and so muted in 2020 (when the VIX index hit a record high of 82).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, that\u2019s not all. There have been periods of relative calm in the market without a corresponding uptick in VIX call volume \u2013 for example, the VIX Index averaged just 15 in 2019 yet option volumes remained languid. Another factor is positioning and leverage. Markets crash when investors all rush for the exit at once; as leverage builds, the potential for a disorderly sell-off increases. As the macro outlook has improved this year and realized volatility has fallen, investors have had to scramble to adjust their portfolio. Across both discretionary as well as systematic strategies, we\u2019ve seen rapid re-risking. By some measures, equity positioning recently hit an 18-months high<\/a>, bears have capitulated at the fastest rate in 7 years<\/a>, and hedge fund net leverage is hovering near an all-time high<\/a>. Retail investor sentiment, as measured by the AAII bull\/bear survey, has gone from extreme bearishness to now the most bullish since Q1 2021. Systematic strategies (e.g. vol control funds, risk parity, CTAs, etc) have also significantly increased their equity positioning \u2013 for example, the equity allocation in a benchmark S&P risk-controlled index has more than doubled, up from 20% last year to now 45% (see Exhibit 5). As leverage builds and consensus shifts from recession to \u201csoft landing\u201d, investors have flocked to VIX options to hedge the unexpected. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Equity Allocation in Systematic Vol Target Strategies Near Three-Year High<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"Equity<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Source: Cboe<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monetizing VIX\u00ae Convexity<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

On the back of demand for VIX upside calls from investors looking to hedge tail risk, we\u2019ve seen significant richening of VIX volatility, as measured by the VVIX Index. While the VIX index has been on a steady down trend for most of the year, the VVIX index has been steadily rising, and is currently ~25 pts off the lows we saw in January. The VVIX\/VIX ratio, which measures the relative richness of VIX options vs. SPX options, has surged to ~80th<\/sup> percentile high over the past 5 years (see Exhibit 6). In particular, this is being driven by out-of-the-money calls, with the VIX 2M call wing (10D vs. 25D call ratio) recently hitting a 5-year high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

VVIX\/VIX Ratio Shows Richening of VIX Convexity<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"VVIX\/VIX<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Source: Cboe<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This divergence has in turn attracted the relative value vol community to step in to monetize the rich VIX convexity. We see this in the significant increase in delta-hedged VIX option trades (+237% YoY increase in combos volume) which are typical from this investor base as they seek to trade VIX index volatility without any directional delta exposure to the underlying. The two-way flow \u2013 with directional accounts buying VIX calls to hedge and relative value accounts selling VIX volatility to monetize the rich vol premium \u2013 shows how robust the VIX options ecosystem can be with a diverse range of market participants and use cases.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

—<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Originally Posted August 22, 2023 – VIX\u00ae Options Volume on Pace to Exceed 2017 Record<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n