{"id":185082,"date":"2023-02-23T13:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-02-23T18:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibkrcampus.com\/?p=185082"},"modified":"2023-02-23T10:35:38","modified_gmt":"2023-02-23T15:35:38","slug":"jupyter-notebook-tutorial-installation-components-and-magic-commands-part-iv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.interactivebrokers.com\/campus\/ibkr-quant-news\/jupyter-notebook-tutorial-installation-components-and-magic-commands-part-iv\/","title":{"rendered":"Jupyter Notebook Tutorial: Installation, Components and Magic Commands \u2013 Part IV"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

See Part I<\/a> for an overview of Jupyter Notebook, Part II<\/a> for the different components of Jupyter Notebooks, and Part III<\/a> for instructions on how to write down in Markdown in Jupyter Notebooks.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Images<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The format to insert an image in a markdown cell is very similar to that of hyperlinks. Only the difference is that it prefixes !<\/em><\/strong><\/code> before the content. First, the exclamation mark followed by the name of the image in square brackets, and finally URL in the parenthesis. This is shown below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

![QuantInsti's Logo](https:\/\/dt99qig9iutro.cloudfront.net\/production\/images\/header-logo-green.png)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Alternatively, you can use the HTML image tag to insert an image as shown below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<img src=\"https:\/\/dt99qig9iutro.cloudfront.net\/production\/images\/header-logo-green.png\" alt=\"QuantInsti's Logo\"><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Both will produce the following result:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Geometric Shapes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
A UTF-8 Geometric Shape can be included in a Jupyter notebook by using its decimal reference number. Use the following format to insert any of the shapes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
&#reference_number;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
A black circle can be inserted, as shown below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u25cf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Programming Code<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
You can embed programming code within the text using triple backticks followed by programming language name and ending by triple backticks. Below is the example for Python code embedded within the text.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
```python\ndef func(x):\n return x**2\n```<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Similarly, the programming code for another language can be written. For example, below code is for Javascript.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
```javascript\nconsole.log('Hello World!')\n```<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
LaTeX Equations<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
By courtesy of MathJax, you can include mathematical expressions either inline or separately in markdown cells. To type inline, equations are surrounded by $<\/code>. To print equations separately on a new line, they are surrounded by $$<\/code>. For example, the formula to calculate the mean value can be written as<\/p>\n\n\n\n
$$\\mu = \\frac{1}{n}\\sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i $$<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
which results in the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Inline equations can be written as $x_t = \\phi x_{t-1} + \\epsilon_t$<\/code> which results in<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
You can refer to this<\/a> thread which lists various LaTeX commands that can be used in markdown cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tables<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
You can create tables in markdown cells, as shown below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
|This|is|\n|-|-|\n|a|table|<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Columns are separated by vertical bar |<\/code> and rows are written in a new line. The above table is generated, as shown below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
This<\/th>is<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
a<\/td>table<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
What are the magic commands in Jupyter Notebook?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Jupyter notebook software comes with a bunch of built-in commands which adds interactivity while working with it. They are called magic commands in Jupyter environment. These commands are dependent on the interpreter or kernel with which you are working. To see which magic commands are available, you can run the following magic command in the code cell:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
%lsmagic<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
These magic commands are prefixed with the %<\/code> value. Following are some of the commonly used magic commands along with their functionality:<\/p>\n\n\n\n