{"id":146594,"date":"2022-07-05T13:30:00","date_gmt":"2022-07-05T17:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibkrcampus.com\/?p=146594"},"modified":"2022-11-21T09:56:02","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T14:56:02","slug":"how-to-schedule-a-python-script-on-a-mac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.interactivebrokers.com\/campus\/ibkr-quant-news\/how-to-schedule-a-python-script-on-a-mac\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Schedule a Python Script on a Mac"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a previous article, we talked about how to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/theautomatic.net\/2017\/10\/03\/running-python-task-scheduler\/\">run Python from the Windows Task Scheduler<\/a>. This post will cover how to schedule Python tasks on a Mac operating system as well as give an overview of the&nbsp;<strong>schedule<\/strong>&nbsp;package.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-using-crontab-on-mac\"><strong>Using crontab on Mac<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Python tasks can be scheduled on Mac using&nbsp;<strong>crontab<\/strong>. To do that, first, open up the Terminal. Then, we need to modify the crontab file. We can do that by typing&nbsp;<strong>crontab -e<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This will open crontab in the default editor, which is typically&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vim.org\/about.php\">vim<\/a>. You can change the editor by adding the editor name in front of our command \u2013 for example, to modify the crontab file using&nbsp;<strong>nano<\/strong>, we can run&nbsp;<strong>nano crontab -e<\/strong>&nbsp;(followed by&nbsp;<strong>enter<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Next, we need to add in a line describing the schedule frequency of how often we want the Python script to run. We input this in the order: minute, hour, day of the month, month, and day of the week. To leave one of these unspecified, place an asterisk (*) in that date \/ time slot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Example 1: Run script on the first day of each month at 2:03.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\t\n3 2 1 * * python \/path\/to\/test_script.py<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"141\" data-src=\"\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/07\/python-nano-crontab-the-automatic-net.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-146606 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ibkrcampus.com\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/07\/python-nano-crontab-the-automatic-net.jpg 640w, https:\/\/ibkrcampus.com\/campus\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/07\/python-nano-crontab-the-automatic-net-300x66.jpg 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 640px; aspect-ratio: 640\/141;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Example 2: Run script every minute<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\t\n* * * * * python \/path\/to\/test_script.py<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Example 3: Run script every hour at the 30th minute<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>30 * * * * python \/path\/to\/test_script.py<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once you\u2019ve scheduled your Python script, you need to save the crontab file. If you\u2019re using&nbsp;<strong>nano<\/strong>, you can do that by typing&nbsp;<strong>ctrl+0<\/strong>&nbsp;followed by&nbsp;<strong>ctrl+x<\/strong>&nbsp;to exit. In&nbsp;<strong>vim<\/strong>, you can save and exit by hitting&nbsp;<strong>esc<\/strong>&nbsp;and then typing&nbsp;<strong>:w<\/strong>, followed by&nbsp;<strong>enter<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Handling potential issues<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One issue that may come up has to do with permissions with \u201cfull disk access\u201d. This may happen if you\u2019re using a recent version of macOS Mojave. For details on how to fix this issue,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/osxdaily.com\/2020\/04\/27\/fix-cron-permissions-macos-full-disk-access\/\">see here.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another common issue that occurs is with path names. This is always good to check \u2013 for example, if you have multiple installations of Python installed, you\u2019ll want to point to the correct installation needed for your scheduled job.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The schedule package<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition to using crontab to run Python scripts, we can also use the&nbsp;<strong>schedule<\/strong>&nbsp;library for handling scheduling Python tasks. This package is especially useful for scheduling specific functions within Python applications. It also works across different operating systems. Let\u2019s get started with the&nbsp;<strong>schedule<\/strong>&nbsp;package by installing it with pip:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>pip install schedule<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We\u2019ll start by creating a simple function called&nbsp;<em>test<\/em>&nbsp;that simply prints out a message. Then, we can use&nbsp;<strong>schedule<\/strong>&nbsp;to schedule a task running this function every 10 seconds. To kick off this task, we can use the&nbsp;<em>run_pending<\/em>&nbsp;method, which will run inside of a while loop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>import schedule\n \ndef test():\n    print(\"Test this out!\")\n \nschedule.every(10).seconds.do(test)\n \nwhile True:\n    schedule.run_pending()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The recurrence of the task can be adjusted by changing \u201cseconds\u201d to \u201cminutes\u201d or \u201chours\u201d like below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># every 10 minutes\nschedule.every(10).minutes.do(test)\n \n# every 10 hours\nschedule.every(10).hours.do(test)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Likewise, we can change the time unit length from 10 to any other number.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># every 1 minute\nschedule.every(1).minutes.do(test)\n \n# every 30 seconds\nschedule.every(30).seconds.do(test)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Listing and clearing tasks<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can print out a list of the scheduled tasks by running&nbsp;<em>schedule.jobs<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>schedule.jobs<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To clear out all tasks from the scheduler, we can run the following line of code:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>schedule.clear()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/schedule.readthedocs.io\/en\/stable\/\">Learn more about schedule by clicking here.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Scheduling Python tasks from the Windows Task Scheduler<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you\u2019re running on Windows, you can also schedule tasks via the built-in Task Scheduler. Learn more about how to do that by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/theautomatic.net\/2017\/10\/03\/running-python-task-scheduler\/\">clicking here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That covers it for this post.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/theautomatic.net\/category\/python\/\">Check out other Python posts here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Visit <a href=\"https:\/\/theautomatic.net\/2020\/11\/18\/how-to-schedule-a-python-script-on-a-mac\/\">TheAutomatic.net<\/a> for additional insight<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Python tasks can be scheduled on Mac using\u00a0crontab.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":388,"featured_media":66906,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[339,343,349,338,341,344],"tags":[12201,806,1006,12200],"contributors-categories":[13695],"class_list":["post-146594","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-data-science","category-programing-languages","category-python-development","category-ibkr-quant-news","category-quant-development","category-quant-regions","tag-crontab","tag-data-science","tag-fintech","tag-schedule-a-python-script","contributors-categories-theautomatic-net"],"pp_statuses_selecting_workflow":false,"pp_workflow_action":"current","pp_status_selection":"publish","acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.9 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - 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