{"id":132481,"date":"2022-04-06T11:56:40","date_gmt":"2022-04-06T15:56:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibkrcampus.com\/?p=132481"},"modified":"2022-11-21T09:53:22","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T14:53:22","slug":"data-manipulation-and-visualization-techniques-in-julia-part-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.interactivebrokers.com\/campus\/ibkr-quant-news\/data-manipulation-and-visualization-techniques-in-julia-part-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Data Manipulation and Visualization Techniques in Julia &#8211; Part I"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this article, we\u2019ll look at data manipulation and visualization techniques in Julia. However, I\u2019ll not get into the details of each parameter of every function, as the objective of this series is to use Julia&nbsp;<em>as a tool<\/em>&nbsp;to achieve our goal, i.e.&nbsp;<em>building and backtesting trading strategies<\/em>. So, we\u2019ll stay focused on that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can refer to the detailed documentation of a function if you need it to solve any particular challenge you face while programming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This article is divided into the following sections:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Data manipulation<ul><li>Creating new dataframes<\/li><li>Indexing and summarising data<\/li><li>Basic mathematical operations<\/li><li>General operations<\/li><li>Grouping data<\/li><li>Dealing with missing data<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Importing and exporting data as CSV and excel files<\/li><li>Data visualization<ul><li>Line plot<\/li><li>Attributes of a plot<\/li><li>Scatter plot<\/li><li>Heatmap<\/li><li>Histogram<\/li><li>Pie chart<\/li><li>Plotting mathematical functions<\/li><li>Saving plots<\/li><li>Animated plots<\/li><li>Various packages for plotting in Julia<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In my previous posts in this Julia programming series, I&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.quantinsti.com\/julia-programming\/\">introduced the language<\/a>&nbsp;and started with the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.quantinsti.com\/julia-syntax\/\">basic syntax of Julia programming<\/a>. You can check that out as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"data-manipulation\">Data manipulation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You need to understand the data structures dealing with large heterogeneous data sets whenever you work with any programming language. In the Julia world, they are called dataframes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Julia\u2019s DataFrames.jl package provides a way to structure and manipulate data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It can be installed using the \u201cPkg\u201d module.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"creating-new-dataframes\">Creating new dataframes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here\u2019s an example of creating a new dataframe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>## Creating a new dataframe\nUsing Pkg\nPkg.add(\u201cDataFrames\u201d)\nUsing DataFrames\ndf_1 = DataFrame(Name = &#91;\"Vivek\",\"Viraj\",\"Rohan\",\"Ishan\"], \n               Team = &#91;\"EPAT\", \"Marketing\", \"Sales\", \"Quantra\"],\n               Work_experience = &#91;15, 8, 7, 10]\n               )\n\n## Creating another dataframe\n\ndf_2 = DataFrame(a=rand(10), b=rand(10))<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/quantra-go-algo\/029f4a7ee4f9da9b4f83e8695a752b54#file-creating-a-new-dataframe-jl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Creating a new dataframe.jl&nbsp;<\/a>hosted with \u2764 by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">GitHub<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter\"><table><thead><tr><th>Name<\/th><th>Team<\/th><th>Work_experience<\/th><\/tr><tr><th>String<\/th><th>String<\/th><th>Int64<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Vivek<\/td><td>EPAT<\/td><td>15<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Viraj<\/td><td>Marketing<\/td><td>8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rohan<\/td><td>Sales<\/td><td>7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ishan<\/td><td>Quantra<\/td><td>10<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter\"><table><thead><tr><th>a<\/th><th>b<\/th><\/tr><tr><th>Float64<\/th><th>Float64<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>0.845011<\/td><td>0.720306<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>0.647665<\/td><td>0.0409036<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>0.427267<\/td><td>0.221369<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>0.413642<\/td><td>0.374832<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>0.477994<\/td><td>0.118461<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>0.0849006<\/td><td>0.157679<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>0.0477405<\/td><td>0.845332<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>0.518909<\/td><td>0.159305<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>0.93499<\/td><td>0.259579<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>0.60034<\/td><td>0.115911<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\">Column names can be accessed using the names() function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># Accessing column \n\nnamesnames(df_1) #As symbol\n\npropertynames(df_1) # As names<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/quantra-go-algo\/048288e830025699b960a6bf23c5bcd9#file-accessing-columns-jl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">accessing columns.jl&nbsp;<\/a>hosted with \u2764 by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">GitHub<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Output:\n\n3-element Vector{String}:\n\"Name\"\n\"Team\"\n\"Work_experience\"\n\n3-element Vector{Symbol}:\n:Name\n:Team\n:Work_experience<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Renaming columns can be done using the rename() function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>rename!(df_1, &#91;\"name\", \"team\", \"work experience\"])<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/quantra-go-algo\/a3832928b0f3fbf8d0d02d9a9bc1504a#file-rename-columns-jl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">rename columns.jl&nbsp;<\/a>hosted with \u2764 by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">GitHub<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>name<\/th><th>team<\/th><th>work experience<\/th><\/tr><tr><th>String<\/th><th>String<\/th><th>Int64<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Vivek<\/td><td>EPAT<\/td><td>15<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Viraj<\/td><td>Marketing<\/td><td>8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rohan<\/td><td>Sales<\/td><td>7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ishan<\/td><td>Quantra<\/td><td>10<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"indexing-and-summarising-data\">Indexing and summarising data<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Indexing dataframes to use particular rows or columns for manipulation is a fundamental operation, and summarising data helps us understand it better. In Julia, summary stats of any dataset can be printed using the describe() function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>describe(df_2)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/quantra-go-algo\/6011527f5fdcfc38406631ef696a80d8#file-describe-data-jl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">describe data.jl&nbsp;<\/a>hosted with \u2764 by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">GitHub<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>variable<\/th><th>mean<\/th><th>min<\/th><th>median<\/th><th>max<\/th><th>nmissing<\/th><th>eltype<\/th><\/tr><tr><th>Symbol<\/th><th>Float64<\/th><th>Float64<\/th><th>Float64<\/th><th>Float64<\/th><th>Int64<\/th><th>DataType<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>a<\/td><td>0.499846<\/td><td>0.0477405<\/td><td>0.498452<\/td><td>0.93499<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>Float64<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>b<\/td><td>0.301368<\/td><td>0.0409036<\/td><td>0.190337<\/td><td>0.845332<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>Float64<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another way to find the number of rows and columns in a dataframe is using ncol() and nrow() functions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>## No. of columns and rows in a dataframe\nncol(df)\nnrow(df)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/quantra-go-algo\/703ab06b0f8763ee470bb9cfaef43897#file-row-and-columns-jl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">row and columns.jl&nbsp;<\/a>hosted with \u2764 by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">GitHub<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Output:\n2\n10<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Let\u2019s look at multiple methods of accessing rows and columns of a dataframe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># Methods to access columns and rows in a dataframe\n\ndf_1.name\n\ndf_1.\"team\"\n\ndf_1&#91;1:3, \"team\"]\n\ndf_1&#91;1, :]\n\ndf_1&#91;!, 1:2]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gist.github.com\/quantra-go-algo\/5d3629d1538b151b87e43a12108d1a1d#file-methods-of-accessing-columns-and-rows-jl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">methods of accessing columns and rows.jl&nbsp;<\/a>hosted with \u2764 by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">GitHub<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Output:\n4-element Vector{String}:\n\"Vivek\"\n\"Viraj\"\n\"Rohan\"\n\"Ishan\"\n\n4-element Vector{String}:\n\"EPAT\"\n\"Marketing\"\n\"Sales\"\n\"Quantra\"\n\n3-element Vector{String}:\n\"EPAT\"\n\"Marketing\"\n\"Sales\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter\"><table><thead><tr><th>name<\/th><th>team<\/th><th>work experience<\/th><\/tr><tr><th>String<\/th><th>String<\/th><th>Int64<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Vivek<\/td><td>EPAT<\/td><td>15<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter\"><table><thead><tr><th>name<\/th><th>team<\/th><\/tr><tr><th>String<\/th><th>String<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Vivek<\/td><td>EPAT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Viraj<\/td><td>Marketing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rohan<\/td><td>Sales<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ishan<\/td><td>Quantra<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Stay tuned for the next installment in which Anshul Tayal will discuss basic mathematical operations.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Visit QuantInsti to read the full article: <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.quantinsti.com\/data-manipulation-visualization-using-julia\/\">https:\/\/blog.quantinsti.com\/data-manipulation-visualization-using-julia\/<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this article, we\u2019ll look at data manipulation and visualization techniques in Julia. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":726,"featured_media":80766,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[339,348,343,338,350,341,344],"tags":[10598,11504,806,7560,865,977],"contributors-categories":[13654],"class_list":["post-132481","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-data-science","category-julia-development","category-programing-languages","category-ibkr-quant-news","category-quant-asia-pacific","category-quant-development","category-quant-regions","tag-data-frames","tag-data-manipulation","tag-data-science","tag-data-visualization","tag-github","tag-julia","contributors-categories-quantinsti"],"pp_statuses_selecting_workflow":false,"pp_workflow_action":"current","pp_status_selection":"publish","acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.9 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